National Day is approaching, let’s talk about this niche and important force

The victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War ended not long ago

At the 80th anniversary conference, during the military parade of the 93rd National Congress, the political sectors participated in the political sector as usual: "...members of various democratic parties in Beijing, executive committee members of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce in Beijing, and representatives of non-party members, etc.".

The first two are easy to understand and have clear boundaries, but "non-party persons" often appear in formal news, and the noun that appears in important occasions such as the National People's Congress, the CPPCC, the United Front Work Department meetings, National Day receptions, and various formal celebrations. It seems ordinary and can easily pass by in a flash, but it is explained as aConcept of literature and history.

On the eve of National Day, science is popularized by a term: Non-party. This is a niche group, but it is an important force in China's political life.

Most of people think that non-partisans are everyone except members of the Communist Party of China and members of the eight democratic parties.

Some people who understand the scriptures say that non-party is also a "party". They classified nonpartisans as the "ninth democratic party."

In fact, non-partisan is precisely a political force, and has nothing to do with the concept of probationary party members or members of a probationary democratic party.

I spent several years participating in many united front sequence training and further training, and read a lot of relevant documents before I understood the past and present, ins and outs of the "non-party person" and the true meaning and role of the past and present, the ins and outs of the "non-party person".

Non-party people are neither members of the party nor "mass". They are one of the 13 political outlooks of the country and are a political force independent of the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties.

Unlike democratic parties, the United Front Work Department assumes the dual responsibilities of "United Front Work Department and party organs".

The core threshold for becoming a non-party person lies in the individual's social influence and political participation level. It must be recognized by the united front departments at the prefecture-level and municipal levels, rather than applying actively by the individual, so there is no saying "joining a non-party". The total number of people is small.

Comrade Zhou Enlai once pointed out that non-partisans "has not formed parties in form, but are partisan in essence."

This sentence alone requires careful consideration.

It can be said that non-partisans are both the product of historical development and the result of political design.

Not long ago, I went to the former site of Donglin Academy in Wuxi, which was the center of activity for the Donglin Party members in the Ming Dynasty to give lectures and discuss the government affairs. The Donglin Party is not a political party in the modern sense, but a bureaucratic political group dominated by Jiangnan scholars and officials in the late Ming Dynasty. It has the prototype of a modern party but is far from mature. It is a clique rather than a modern party.

The Chinese Tongmenghui was the core force to overthrow the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty. Its establishment marked a new stage in China's bourgeois democratic revolution.

In October 1911, the Revolution of 1911 broke out and the Wuchang Uprising was successful; on January 1, 1912, Sun Yat-sen took office as interim president in Nanjing, proclaiming the founding of the Republic of China. China's feudal monarchy for more than two thousand years was officially destroyed.

On July 23, 1921, the Communist Party of China, the first proletarian party in China, was born in Shanghai. Qiushi.com once said, "The 'No. 1' has been opened, and nothing seems to have happened, and there is no report in the newspaper. But China's great events have begun in essence."

The formation and establishment of non-partisans are also logical. At the end of the 19th century, with the formation of Chinese political parties, non-partisans also emerged.

According to the background of various historical periods, the title of "non-party person" has also undergone a historical change from "social wise" to "non-party person".

During the New Democratic Revolution (1919-1949), non-partisans carried out political activities in the name of "social wise men" at the national level.

The new democratic era is divided into four stages:

1. 2.

In 1936, in order to establish the anti-Japanese national united front in the literary and artistic circles, the Left League was dissolved. In October, Mr. Lu Xun passed away. In order to commemorate Lu Xun, the Central Soviet Area set up a Lu Xun library, monument, etc., and asked the Nanjing National Government to hold a state funeral to Mr. Lu Xun.

3. A large number of non-party members participated in the construction of the "three-three system" regime in the anti-Japanese base area led by the Communist Party of China, and participated in politics and made decisions as "non-party" and "non-party people".

According to the principle of the three-three system, the composition of the government personnel in the Anti-Japanese base area should be composed of Communist Party members, non-party left-wing progressive elements and centrists each account for one-third. Since the Communist Party of China advocated the establishment of the broadest anti-Japanese national united front, it has consciously put non-party members and party forces in a coordinated manner.

While writer Bing Xin served as a member of the National Political Consultative Conference as a social wise man during the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as a member of the National Political Consultative Conference as a social wise man. He has been elected as a representative of the First, Second and Third National People's Congress after the founding of New China. The concept of social wise men has a special status in China's modern democratic process.

In 1956, after Lei Jieqiong introduced, Bing Xin and Wu Wenzao joined the China Democratic Promotion Association, one of the eight major democratic parties. Since then, Bing Xin has served as member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party and Director of the Liaison Committee, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party, and Honorary Chairman.

4. The "Double Tenth Agreement" reached by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in 1945 proposed: Inviting representatives of all parties and social wise men to negotiate with the State, discuss the plan for peaceful establishment of the country and convene various issues of the National Assembly. Afterwards, the political consultation meeting was held in Chongqing. The meeting was attended by 8 representatives of the Kuomintang, 7 representatives of the Communist Party, 5 representatives of the Al Shabaab, 9 representatives of the Democratic League, and 9 social wise men, totaling 38. The meeting passed proposals such as the government reorganization case, the peaceful establishment program, and the draft constitution.

During the War of Liberation, the "social wise men" had serious differentiation, showing different political tendencies: Guo Moruo, Li Zhuchen and others opposed the civil war, cooperated sincerely with the Communist Party of China, and made positive contributions to the victory of the War of Liberation.

Because Li Zhuchen joined the Democratic National Construction Association, it has not yet been recognized by the ruling party of the then ruling Kuomintang, and his identity as a non-party social wise man. After the founding of New China, Li Zhuchen served as Minister of Food Industry, Minister of Light Industry, Leader of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce.

Mo Dehui, Wang Yunwu and others depended on the Kuomintang and then went to Taiwan, China.

Mo Dehui is a veteran of Northeast China and a close collaborator of Zhang Xueliang. In 1949, he went to Taiwan and served as the Executive Yuan government committee member, president of the Examination Institute, etc.;

Wang Yunwu joined the Kuomintang in 1912 and withdrew from the party in 1927. Later, he participated in social activities as a social wise man. He worked in Commercial Press for 40 years and invented the "Four Corner Number Testing Method"; he also served as Minister of Economics of the Republic of China, Minister of Finance, etc., and promoted currency reform; after moving to Taiwan, he served as Vice President of the Examination House and the Executive Yuan, and was the 15th war criminal announced by the Communist Party of China.

Guo Moruo called Mao Zedong for the first time in the name of "non-party" with leaders of various democratic parties in Hong Kong in response to the "May 1" slogan. They consciously gave up the title of "social wise man" and instead adopted the title of "non-party".

After the release of the May Day slogan, the democratic parties, people's organizations, and social wise men did not fear difficulties and rushed to the liberated areas through various channels. Social elites and talents from all walks of life quickly gathered with the Communist Party of China. Knowing that the situation was hopeless, the Kuomintang formulated the "Salvation of Mainland Scholars Plan", that is, the battle for talent. Peking University President Hu Shi ranked first in the "Salvation Plan".

Preparation to the new CPPCC has become a major political task for the Communist Party of China and various democratic parties and non-party democrats.

Song Ching Ling went north to attend the meeting was highly valued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Faced with the infinite sincerity of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others, Soong Ching Ling finally agreed to go north to participate in the new CPPCC to discuss national affairs, and supported the Communist Party of China in action.

On August 26, 1949, Soong Ching Ling, accompanied by Deng Yingchao, Liao Mengxing and others, took a special train to the north of Shanghai while sick. More than 50 people including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Li Jishen and He Xiangning welcomed him. Mao Zedong also held a special welcome banquet for her.

After face-to-face agreement with Zhou Enlai, Soong Ching Ling, as a non-party member, attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Peiping and delivered a speech. At the meeting, Soong Ching Ling was elected as Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, continuing to contribute wisdom and strength to the cause of the Party and the people.

On September 30, 1949, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference voted to elect six vice chairmen of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Among them, three are democratic parties and non-party members, namely Soong Ching Ling, Li Jishen and Zhang Lan.

On October 1, 1949, at the founding ceremony, they climbed the Tiananmen Gate Tower with Chairman Mao and others to witness the birth of New China.

There are many non-partisan democratic figures among the members of the First Central People's Government.

In addition to Vice Chairman Mr. Soong Ching Ling, 8 non-partisan members of the Central People's Government: Chen Jiageng, Ma Yinchu, Guo Moruo, Shen Yanbing, Chen Shutong, Fu Zuoyi, Zhang Xiruo, and Zhang Nanxian.

The non-party democrats participating in the first plenary session of the CPPCC were Dong Luan (Yu Li), Ma Yinchu, Guo Moruo, Fu Dingyi, Li Da, Zhang Xiruo, Ding Xielin, Hong Shen, Wu Youxun, Wang Zhixiang, Ouyang Yuqian, and Zhou Gucheng.

In all historical periods of my country's revolution, construction and reform, non-party members have made positive contributions, and outstanding representatives such as Li Dingming, Ma Yinchu, Ba Jin, Guo Moruo, Zhang Xiruo, Xu Beihong, Liang Shuming, Wu Yaozong, Cheng Siyuan, Apei Awang Jinmei, Yuan Longping, and Chen Jingrun emerged.

In recent years, Tencent Ma Huateng, Geely Auto Li Shufu, Baidu Robin Li, Peking University professor economist Lin Yifu, and Zhengtai Group Nan Cunhui.

Entering a new era, non-partisans are still an important political force. It is mainly distributed in education, science and technology, culture, arts, medical and health, state organs, mass organizations, state-owned enterprises and other fields. The role they play is unique and important.

Parliament in many countries of the world has seats for non-partisans.

If in the French National Assembly, non-partisan members account for 11 seats, and non-partisan members account for 7 seats in 331 Senate seats. No party people are representatives of the interests of a certain class or strata in many countries and have become an important political force.

United Front Experts said that the relatively blurred and open boundaries of non-partisans are an important feature and advantage of this political force. This ambiguity and openness, if handled and applied properly, will not only help to carry out work in a wider range and in a more flexible way, and will also help to improve the inclusiveness and adaptability of the new party system.

Non-party people who have walked along the way with the Communist Party of China from the New Democratic Revolutionary period moved forward together, with the same frequency, resonated with each other, and played an important role in participating in politics and democratic supervision.

Although non-party members are not the ninth largest democratic party, according to the United Front Work Regulations: "Non-party members can perform their functions in accordance with democratic parties."

In summary, non-party people are an independent political force in my country's political life, a special sector in the CPPCC, and a multi-party cooperation. They are an important political design in the process of party system construction in the new era.

To put it off topic, due to historical reasons and revolutionary needs, Guo Moruo's identity as a member of the Communist Party of China was secret for a long time. Zhou Enlai is his single-line contact superior. But considering that Guo Moruo, as a famous cultural figure, made greater contributions to staying outside the party, before he publicly announced his joining the party in December 1958, he had always appeared on the Chinese political stage as a non-party.

Shi Liang, the only woman in one of the "Seven Gentlemen Incidents", began to work in Shanghai in 1931 and established contacts with underground organizations of the Communist Party of China. In 1935, he participated in the establishment of the Shanghai Women's National Saving Congress. He was one of the leaders of the Chinese Women's Revolutionary Movement and the first Minister of Justice of New China.

｜Seven Gentlemen, the second left is Shi Liang

When Zhou Enlai was dissuading Shi Liang to join the party, he said that there are Sister Deng and Sister Cai in the party. If you have one Sister Shi, the role will be the same. If you have one Sister Shi outside the party, the situation will be different...

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No.6528 Original first post | Author He Fei