Editor's note
Liaoning is the expedition to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. As the strategic rear, Shenyang is the "rear in the front and front of the rear" of the Korean War. It is an important supplement to the human resources of the Korean War, a key hub for the people of the whole country to support the transfer of materials for the War to Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and a central base for combat duty support. It is an important production site for weapons and equipment for the War to Resist U.S. aid Korea, and a resting place for the heroic spirits of the martyrs of the War to Resist U.S. aid Korea.
As the 12th batch of remains of Chinese People's Volunteers in South Korea returned to their country, Shenyang Daily and Shenyang released a client to launch a special issue of "A Hero City, Thousands of Heroes - Shenyang Contributions in Cultural Relics of Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea", sorting out the cultural relics of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in major museums and memorial halls in Shenyang, focusing on the great sacrifices and historic contributions made by the people of Shenyang during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, telling the stories behind the cultural relics, and relive the historical glory of this heroic city to commemorate the heroes and comfort the heroes.
Shenyang is a heroic city! After the outbreak of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Shenyang, located in the core area of Northeast Asia, became "the front and the front of the rear." During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government led the people of the city to act quickly, consciously shouldering the tasks of joining the army, military production, military supply, rescue of the wounded, supporting the army and giving priority to the family, carrying out patriotic labor competitions, increasing production and saving, patriotic donation, and mobilizing the city to support the front line, and many heroic figures and hero stories emerged.
Join to the army
A 16-year-old girl writes a bloody book to the front line
A blood letter has been tragically distributed among the people and is now collected by collectors. The protagonist of the blood letter, Li Aishu, lives in Shenyang. She has given birth to four children and is now living in the same family as four generations. I heard that the remains of the 12th group of volunteer soldiers in Korea returned to China, Li Aisu said that she felt that she was a lucky person. Compared with her comrades who died on the Korean battlefield, she had lived for decades. She cherished her happy life every day and brought her happiness to her whole family and friends around her.
In 1950, 16-year-old Li Aisu attended Shenyang Korean No. 1 Middle School. But the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea broke the tranquility of the campus, and Shenyang set off a wave of heat "Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, defending the country." Li Aisu and her classmates signed up to join the Volunteer Army.
In early December 1950, Li Aishu went to the front line and came to work at the Battlefield Hospital of the 31st Corps of the Logistics Department of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army. Half a month after entering North Korea, she had already gained some experiences and insights into the war. "At that time, North Korea was full of ruins, there were few intact buildings, and few villages were not bombed, and everyone was preparing for the worst." On the afternoon of December 22, 1950, after a night of march and everyone was sleeping, she walked out of the air-raid shelter, sat on a hillside, bit her finger, and wrote a blood book - "I am determined to fight for freedom and peace to the last drop of blood."
Li Aishu said: "At that time, I did have a passion for youth, a belief in fighting to the end, and I was prepared for sacrifice. I was not good at Mandarin at that time, but I could write individual characters, so my blood books were mainly Korean."
Li Aishu went through the entire process of the first to fifth battles in the War to Resist U.S. Ai-shu. The battle was extremely fierce, and soldiers were sent to field hospitals for treatment every day. "The wounded soldiers are very young. Some of their eyes were blinded, and some of their arms and legs were broken. I remember one day in the summer of 1951, I just bandaged a soldier's wound and then bandaged another soldier. When I came back to change the dressing, I couldn't see this soldier anymore. I once witnessed the sacrifice of 24 soldiers a day. Whenever a soldier left, I would cry. I always wonder how sad the parents of these soldiers would know. I was young and cried all day long. The instructor criticized me, saying that war always had sacrifices, and you must learn to be brave and be strong."
Recalling this past, Li Aisu's eyes were filled with tears.
Li Aishu likes to sing to the wounded and sick to relieve their pain, so she became a "battlefield singer". Her talent for singing and dancing was discovered first by the army leader. In early 1952, after working in a field hospital for more than a year, Li Aisu was transferred to the art troupe of the 192nd Division of the 64th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and became a solo actor. When there were not enough people in the dance team, she also became a dancer.
The song she sang the most to the soldiers was called "Aunt Wang Want Peace". "The soldiers may not know what my name is, but when they saw me, they all called me 'Aunt Wang'. I was only 18 years old at that time," said Li Aisu. Without a microphone, she once sang until she lost her voice... In 1954, Li Aisu returned to Shenyang and has been living in Shenyang since then.
All sectors of society in Shenyang promote the production increase and saving campaign on the streets. (Data picture)
According to the book "Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in the Memory of the People's Republic of China" compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee: On December 1, 1950, the decision of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government and the State Council on recruiting young students and young workers to participate in various military cadres was announced, the people in the Shenyang urban area mobilized the military to participate in the war to reach a climax. People from all walks of life wrote letters of determination and application, requiring them to join the army to fight in North Korea. During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, a total of 7,400 young people participated in the Volunteer Army in Shenyang.
According to the Shenyang Daily, three classmates from Han Xi Town, Shi Zhong, Shenyang City, joined the army and signed up for the volunteer army. The school held a warm farewell party for these three students. On the afternoon of the farewell party, the whole school held a symposium in different classes, and the students unanimously expressed their desire to participate in the struggle to support North Korea and defend the motherland. On the 19th, another wave of rush to join the army was set off on campus. Within an hour, 380 people submitted applications. Even six people including music teacher Liu Fudong and painting teacher Deng Dizhong also signed up.
The children of these heroes won awards on the battlefield of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, winning glory for the people of Shenyang.
Donate money and materials
The handkerchief used by He Quruo carries the enthusiasm of Shenyang people
A small snow-white handkerchief embroidered with bright red "the cutest people", "gifted by people from all walks of life in Shenyang City", "1953 Army Day", red and white contrast, making it look particularly beautiful. At the bottom of the handkerchief is also embroidered with "Xiao Mingli, Huanggu District Committee", which may be the name of the handkerchief embroiderer.
This small handkerchief was given to He Quruo, who was still in North Korea at the time. In 1995, He Quruo's family donated this handkerchief to the Martyrs Cemetery of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, which is also a witness to the people of Shenyang supporting the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. Now, this handkerchief is on display in the Shenyang Martyrs' Memorial Hall for the Resistance and Aid to Korea.
In April 1951, He Quruo participated in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea and served as the head of the 16th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army and political commissar. In 1952, he vomited blood due to overwork and was seriously ill and returned to China for surgery. The following year, he had not recovered from his illness and entered North Korea for the second time. He was transferred to the position of political commissar of the Military Headquarters, deputy commander of the Tank Division, and political commissar of the division.
On July 27, 1953, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea achieved the final victory. The 16th Army of the Volunteer Army where He Quruo was still in the North Korea and did not return to China until 1958. But this is not the end of He Quruo's participation in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, and he has since participated in the Panmunjom negotiations.
On February 27, 1971, the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China decided after careful selection: He Quruo, deputy director of the Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region, was appointed as a member of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army of the North Korean Military Armistice Committee and the chief negotiator of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army in the North Korean and Chinese People's Volunteer Army.
On a day in the winter of 1972, He Quruo suddenly had a heart attack while negotiating, with a pale complexion, sweating profusely, and shortness of breath. But he still insisted until the negotiations were over and was sent to a local hospital for emergency treatment. In February of the following year, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission, He Quruo returned to China for treatment and was finally admitted to the Shenyang Military Region General Hospital (now the Northern Theater Command General Hospital).
On September 12, 1973, He Quruo died of illness at the age of 53. In October of the same year, the Central Military Commission recognized He Quruo as a martyr, and he became the last volunteer army martyr to die in North Korea.
1992,The Political Department of the Shenyang Military Region submitted a report to the Shenyang Civil Affairs Bureau and the Municipal Government, suggesting that He Quruo's ashes be buried in the Shenyang Martyrs Cemetery of the Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea (at that time, it was under the management of the Shenyang Civil Affairs Bureau). The reason was: He Quruo fought on the Korean battlefield for nearly 8 years and negotiated in Panmunjom for three years. He was not only a senior commander in the battlefield of resisting U.S. Aggression and aid Korea, but also the main leader in the North Korean and Chinese side in the second battlefield armistice negotiations. He was also the highest-ranking military position among the martyrs Cemetery of the Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
Shenyang City, a model city in the country in the military and supportive city, quickly responded, agreeing that He Quruo was buried in the Martyrs Cemetery of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. On August 25, 1993, He Quruo was buried in a row in the middle area behind the main monument of the Martyrs Cemetery, sleeping side by side with three military cadres, Cai Zhengguo, Wu Guozhang and Rao Huitan, who died in North Korea.
The handkerchief used by He Quruo reflects from one aspect the situation of the people of Shenyang donating money and materials during the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. According to the "Resistance and Aid Korea in the Memory of the People of Shenyang" compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee, "On June 1, 1951, the Chinese People's Federation of Resistance and Aid Korea issued a call to "implement the patriotic convention and donate aircraft and cannons". The people of Shenyang responded positively, with more than 500,000 donors. As of May 19, 1952, the people of Shenyang donated a total of 62 fighter jets and donated 94.18 billion yuan (old coins from Northeast China), which was more than 100,000 yuan (old coins from Northeast China), which was a huge increase in the number of donations. 24% plan. In addition, more than 300,000 condolence bags, 120,000 books and various scattered condolences were donated, and activities to support the military and family members were carried out to relieve the worries of the fighters to North Korea. In the military processing and ordering tasks, various industries have continued to offer work and materials, shorten ordering time or not charge processing fees, which has played a positive role in supporting the war against the United States and aiding Korea. "
Shenyang Daily reported many of these moving scenes-
On June 8, 1951, the Shenyang Machine Parts Manufacturing Industry Association donated 1.5 billion yuan (old coins in Northeast China, the same below), and proposed to various industry associations to carry out a challenge competition for donating weapons. Immediately afterwards, workers from Shenyang Machinery Factory, Mining Machinery Repair Factory, and Railway Equipment Factory put forward the slogan "We will provide whatever we need in the future" and encouraged the people of the city to do their best to voluntarily donate to the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
Wang Ziren from Jianxing Iron Factory personally donated 5 million yuan and also donated 25 million yuan on behalf of the factory. Nian Wenfa from Wantong Electric Factory said: "I will fight to Manager Cao from Dayu Iron Factory and donate 10 million yuan." Manager Cao Bolong from Dayu Iron Factory, who has donated 10 million yuan, immediately expressed his donation of another 10 million yuan in the face of Nian Wenfa's challenge.
People from all walks of life in Shenyang came up with many ways, and while increasing production and income, they vigorously made donations. The Shenyang Federation of Trade Unions also encourages employees to implement a system such as "voluntary labor donation day" every day, donating part or all of the wages and bonuses earned from the voluntary labor day to purchase aircraft and cannons and support the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
…
The people of Shenyang have greatly improved their political awareness and their patriotic enthusiasm have continued to rise in their participation in the campaign to donate aircraft and cannons. In order to prevent the volunteers from starving, an unprecedented moving scene occurred in Shenyang: cadres and staff of the agency and tens of thousands of households set up iron pot fried noodles on the street to make dry food for the front line.
The Shenyang City Archives has a "Shenyang City Cooking Meat and Fried Noodles Work Report" (Article No. D1-1-261, December 7, 1950). The report mentioned: "The task of cooking meat in our city is 42,000 kilograms of cooked meat, which is completed and exceeded the task within 7 days. A total of 44,510 kilograms of cooked beef and pork were handed over, 1,113 packed, and 2,510 kilograms of cooked beef and pork were overcooked. The first batch of fried noodles was 240,000 kilograms, and the second batch was 160,000 kilograms, totaling 400,000 kilograms. More than 360,000 kilograms have been completed. The remaining numbers can be completed within one or two days and can exceed the task. After receiving the task, each unit was in a very high mood, and he stayed asleep for dozens of days, carrying out work in an orderly and responsible manner, which was regarded as a political task. The heads of each unit were able to check it themselves and never slacked off. This task played the positive role of the party and the League members..."
Go all your strength
10 bank checks
Witness Shenyang's full bloom
On May 19, 2021, Shenyang citizens Wang Shihui, Yu Tie and Gong Xin made an appointment to come to the Shenyang Martyrs Cemetery to the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea Martyrs Cemetery and donated 10 Zhicheng Bank Checks collected by them to the memorial hall. The checks cover information such as non-staple food, textiles, medicines, iron products procurement, etc. The checks were issued from most of the checks from the second half of 1950 to 1951. These large-scale checks reflected the contributions made by all walks of life in Shenyang to complete military production tasks and support the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
The reporter saw on one of the checks issued on October 29, 1951, the amount was RMB 320,000, and the words "Ruyijiu Knitting Factory" were shown on the back. Yu Tie, one of the donors and working in the business management department of the Shenyang Branch of the People's Bank of China before retirement, analyzed that such a large amount of expenditure should be the production of clothing, blankets and other military supplies for the volunteer army.
At that time, the people of Shenyang supported the front line with the practical actions of "providing whatever the front line needs". In the military processing and ordering tasks, various industries have continued to produce deeds such as giving work and materials, shortening ordering time or not charging processing fees, which have played a positive role in supporting the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea.
Another check paid by Zhicheng Bank to Tiansheng Fermented Curd Soy Sauce Factory on September 25, 1950 was 124.88 million yuan for Northeast circulation vouchers (unified to RMB after April 1, 1951), equivalent to more than RMB 120,000 at that time. Yu Tie said that such a large amount of expenditure is definitely not the production, purchase and sales expenses of ordinary enterprises. It should be the emergency production of food that is easy to carry for the volunteer army to go abroad to fight, such as pickles, which should be military supplies.
Zhicheng Bank is a private bank. Why did it undertake the banking business of resisting the U.S. and aiding Korea? One of the donors, Wang Shihui, retired as deputy inspector of the Liaoning Provincial Banking Regulatory Bureau, and served as deputy president of the Shenyang Branch of the People's Bank of China. He explained that in the early days of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Zhicheng Bank had undertaken some national banks such as military remittances and payment settlements for volunteer troops, which played a transitional role before the establishment of the State Bank. In 1955, Zhicheng Bank was officially cleaned up and taken over by the People's Bank of China and became the Savings Department of the Shenyang Branch of the People's Bank of China.
The ability of Zhicheng Bank to actively participate in the war to support the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea was also closely related to Gong Tianmin, the then general manager of Zhicheng Bank. During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, he organized and mobilized Shenyang's industrial and commercial owners to actively donate and purchase 40 planes to deliver them to the battlefield. He donated all the dividends and interest he deserved to the state. In 1952, Gong Tianmin participated in the second condolence group to North Korea as the deputy leader of the Shenyang branch, bringing the deep affection of the people of the motherland to the most lovely people on the Korean battlefield.
Gong Xin, one of the donors, is Gong Tianmin's grandson. Gong Xin said that he was proud of his grandfather. These checks witnessed the history of the people of Shenyang supporting the war against the United States and aid Korea, witnessed the patriotic history of Zhicheng Bank, and also a historical witness of his grandfather's revolutionary career.
During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government led the people of the city to actively resume production, mobilized the whole city to support the front line, and put forward the slogan "A drop of sweat flows more in the back and less in the front."
"Factory is the battlefield, machines are weapons", this is a city "request for battle" issued by Shenyang, and it is also the purpose of the city's "patriotic labor competition" at that time.
On November 5, 1950, the new record movement advocated by Zhao Guoyou, a car worker at Shenyang No. 3 Machinery Factory, began to take shape in the Northeast and even the whole country. He once again issued a call in the newspaper: "Do good production, improve production, turn factories into our battlefield, turn machines into weapons, and support whatever is needed."
On November 6, 1950, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued a declaration calling on the working class across the country to launch a movement to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea to defend the country, focusing on Zhao Guoyou: "The robot workers, come up and respond to the call of Comrade Zhao Guoyou, model labor, launch workshop competitions, and ensure that more and better machines are produced for the country."
On the basis of the new record movement, the Shenyang labor heroes represented by the country's first model worker team "Ma Hengchang Group", pushed the patriotic labor competition to a climax and to the whole country. In January 1951, the "Ma Hengchang Group" challenged employees across the country, and employees across the country responded one after another. This patriotic movement initiated from Shenyang swept across the country.
For the workers in Shenyang, the "patriotic labor competition" is their way of fighting. It is in this extensive patriotic production movement that more and more model workers and advanced producers emerge, such as Wang Fengen, "a banner of national industrial production construction" and Wei Fengying, "a good worker of Chairman Mao" and others.
According to the "Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in the Memory of the People of Shenyang" compiled by the Party History Research Office of the Shenyang Municipal Party Committee, By the end of 1951, 20 industrial systems and 254 factory enterprises in the city had carried out patriotic labor competitions, with more than 90,000 employees participating. In the patriotic labor competition, 7,600 advanced producers, 670 advanced production teams, 92 advanced workshops, and 103 advanced departments emerged in the city.
Shenbao All-Media Reporter: Zhou Xianzhong
Editor: Heming
Editor in charge: Xiao Dengjun
Source: Shenyang Release
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